Back to the main point, position does matter - that's why guys like Larkin, Ripken, Pudge, Kent, Rollins, Pedroia have MVPs despite not having the best numbers in the league. Looking at Jeter, he had top 3 finishes in 1998 and 2009 when numbers wise he wasn't top 10 in most major categories (but him being a SS helped).
Regarding Altuve, his 2017 might've been the best offensive 2B season in at least the past 30 years. That speaks volumes as to how historically great he was.
Altuve's 160 wRC+ in 2017 ranks 24th among 2nd basemen since 1900. The majority of the seasons ahead of him were pre-WWII by Lajoie, Hornsby and Collins. Joe Morgan also had three and Grich had one.
Major League Leaderboards » 2017 » Second Basemen » Dashboard | FanGraphs Baseball
FWIW, Judge's 173 wRC+ ranks 40th among right fielders since 1900.
Major League Leaderboards » 2017 » Right Fielders » Dashboard | FanGraphs Baseball